Essay on Medical and Diagnostic Examination Research Paper

Essay on Medical and Diagnostic Examinations: Prevention is Better than Cure

The classic adage that “an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure” may be cliché but it still remains very much true today as it was centuries ago. In healthcare, preventive measures include medical exams or diagnostic tests and are under the field of laboratory medicine. In the past the focus has been on curing, restoration and rehabilitation but governments later found that investing in promotion and prevention saves a lot of resources and improves the over-all health status of a population.

Laboratory medicine is very valuable in clinical care. It is an essential component of high quality care providing healthcare professionals with necessary data that may be used for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of diseases (Value of Laboratory Screening). In the aspect of prevention, there are a variety of exams ranging from routine medical exams to more specific diagnostic tests. Routine exams are those that employers or schools may require their workers or students respectively, such as blood tests, urine and stool examinations from time to time. Diagnostic tests are those which physicians order typically after a patient comes in with complaints of certain symptoms and they can’t completely arrive at a definite diagnosis based on the patient’s medical history and present symptoms alone (Medical Health Tests). 

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At times, diagnostic tests are ordered for confirmation purposes already. Then there are also tests made for screening certain diseases among those who are found to be at risk or pre-disposed to certain medical conditions. Medical and diagnostic examinations help in the preventive effort by detecting potential problems ahead of time. Early detection facilitates early and less expensive interventions. Treatment at an early stage is also more effective than when started at a later stage of a medical condition. Routine exams may reveal health concerns previously unknown to the client and thus proper health teaching may be given to address those concerns early. Diagnostic exams may guide physicians in arriving with appropriate interventions to prevent worsening of the condition. The earlier the condition is diagnosed, the more options of care available to choose from with less invasive or less expensive procedures still applicable. Screening tests may help arrest the possible development of a condition. For instance, through screening, a client may find out that he’s at high risk of developing Diabetes Type II. Knowing such risk, he may choose to start modifying his life style to one that will prevent him from going down the diabetic path.    

When the opportunity comes for a routine test or a screening, people should remember that it’s for their own good. Some may hesitate because of the hassle and costs involved but they fail to consider that investing in prevention is much more convenient and economical than waiting to get sick and be hospitalized. Although cure may be available in certain medical conditions, the price you pay is much higher and the damage done may be greater and possibly irreversible. Prevention remains better than cure.  

Works Cited

“Medical Health Tests - Types, Procedures and Importance of Medical Tests.” 2011. Medical Health 

            Tests.com. 2 September 2012 <http://www.medicalhealthtests.com/>

“The Value of Laboratory Screening and Diagnostic Test for Prevention and Health Care Improvement.” September 2009. The Lewin Group Inc. 2 September 2012 < https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:So-o0drmTdoJ:www.labresultsforlife.org/briefing/Lewin_ACLA_Value_of_Lab_Sx_Dx_Report.pdf+importance+of+medical+laboratory+tests&hl=en&gl=ph&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgumtVYjATjnaMdSW73Tm9            BdrXRyI-HgEwFaGWln7V9phsp-ZGLH17M48Ii1UDte4Yxav6wzgO-6hZX5BPa_UvJ2tmqCr81Cbr4eOZ7vM0nv0oq3jHQQS8M9_9_nxhkzs7ZZYRv&sig=AHIEtbSXU7vleclUTfXsv          nw9yQtsfEPNKA>.

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Corporal Punishment Research Paper

Essay on The Psychological Effect of Corporal Punishment in Children

In our society, the word punishment usually has a negative connotation. When people hear such word, they generally associate it with discipline and may recall childhood memories of getting punished at home or in school. A more technical approach on punishment is that it is said to occur when an event following an action weakens the tendency to make that same action such as when a pigeon pecks a dish, it receives a brief shock which leads to the rapid decrease in the tendency of the pigeon to peck the dish again (Weiten 205). Furthermore, Weiten wrote that punishment encompasses far more than disciplinary acts but it is used more frequently for disciplinary purposes which brings forth interesting discussions.

In disciplining children, punishment may come in different forms. Some parents or teachers would resort to verbal reprimand, social isolation or withdrawal of privileges while some still use physical punishment or corporal punishment. Mash noted that in the past 50 years or so, child-rearing practices have been changing dramatically with parents being expected to focus on the child’s developmental strengths and limitations and move away from disciplinary control methods (458). In the past, corporal punishment is common and well accepted but toward the end of the twentieth century, movements have developed towards the abandonment of corporal punishment (Myers 207). Opponents of corporal punishment back up their cause with a growing number of research studies that indicate corporal punishment to have deleterious consequences among children. Such consequences, according to Flynn may be psychological or behavioral which may include alcohol abuse, depression, suicidal thoughts, behavioral problems, low achievement and future economic insecurity (qtd. in Myers 208). Favela highlighted studies that suggested that children who were spanked suffer emotionally, are more likely to have lower IQs and are more aggressive.  A meta-analysis from Gershoff on the positive and negative long-range effects of parental corporal punishment displays a more comprehensive view of the consequences of this form of discipline with the following findings: 

          Negative or undesirable outcomes showed decreases in the subsequent areas during           childhood: moral internalization, quality of relationship between the parent and   

          child mental health. Associated decrease in mental health was also found later in           adulthood. In addition, there were increases in the aspects of child aggression, child           delinquent and antisocial behavior. In adulthood, increases in the risk of being a      

          victim of physical abuse, risk of abusing own child and spouse, adult aggression,     

          adult criminal and antisocial behavior were observed among adults who experienced           corporal punishment during their childhood. There was only one desirable behavior           linked to corporal punishment which is increased immediate compliance in the part   

          of the child. (qtd in Mash 458)       

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More recent studies echo the results of Gershoff but her conclusions are not without critics. Arguments raised include that evidence linking spanking to negative effects is correlational which is not an assurance of causation. It means that corporal punishment cannot be directly pointed out as the cause for the negative effects enumerated earlier. In such light, Damon points out that there is still a great deal to learn about the long-term effects of corporal punishment and the factors that serve to moderate its effects (402). Moreover he expressed that although such form of discipline is usually associated with negative outcomes for the child, the associated pathway and the qualifying variables for such relationship are still unclear.

With more research findings that discredit the effectiveness of corporal punishment among children, societal views have now shifted to the discouragement of its use. However, despite the negative effects associated with physically punishing children, some parents still find it as an effective means of disciplining their children. The practice of corporal punishment cannot be easily uprooted from society because, as stated by Mash, cultural norms in many countries have long accepted corporal punishment as a primary, even necessary component of discipline (458). It will take more research to change the mind set about corporal punishment among parents, teachers and authority figures who grew up experiencing corporal punishment themselves and found it to be more effective than detrimental to their individual development.        

Works Cited

Damon, William and Nancy Eisenberg. Handbook of Child Psychology Volume 3: Social,    

           Emotional, and Personality Development, 6^th edition. New York, NY: Wiley, 2006.

Favela, Regina. “Emotional and Physical Development of Children Who Get Paddled.” 10           June 2010. Live Strong.com. 6 September 2012  

          <http://www.livestrong.com/               article/144862-emotional-physical-

          development-of-       children-who-get-paddled/>.

Mash, Eric J. and David A. Wolfe. Abnormal Child Psychology, 4^th edition. Belmont, CA:  

          Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010.  

Myers, John E B. Myers on Evidence in Child, Domestic and Elder Abuse cases, Successor        edition. New York: Aspen Publishers, 2005.

Weiten, Wayne. Psychology: Themes and Variations, 8^th edition. Australia; Belmont, CA:          Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2011.

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Research Paper on Defense Mechanism Among Psychiatric Patients

Research Paper on Defense Mechanism Among Psychiatric Patients

Growing up, parents always keep reminding their children to take care of their well being by practicing healthy habits and avoiding detrimental ones with the focus usually on physical health. But health goes beyond the physical aspect of the person, to be well also means having a good mental health. When an individual has mental health concerns, the field of psychiatry comes into the picture. Geddes defines psychiatry as the branch of medicine that specializes in the treatment of brain disorders which primarily cause disturbance of          thought, behavior and emotion (3). Clients who have such problems are called psychiatric patients.

In dealing with psychiatric patients health care providers who directly interact with patients will find that knowledge about defense mechanisms can come in handy. According to Levenson, a basic understanding of defense mechanisms can provide the psychiatrist with another perspective in the process of examining a patient, it will aid in predicting or explaining the patient’s emotional or behavioral response to medical illness (56). Among nurses, familiarization of defense mechanisms helps in the provision of care as they establish therapeutic relationships with patients. Defense mechanisms which may be also known as coping styles are the automatic psychological processes protecting the individual against anxiety and from the awareness of internal and external dangers or stressors (Boyd 144). Since defense mechanisms are automatic responses, individuals are often unaware that they are using certain defense mechanisms already. Defense mechanisms may be adaptive or maladaptive and psychiatric patients use such processes excessively to a point that it becomes invariably maladaptive and becomes a problem. There are a number of defense mechanisms that a patient may use and one, two or more at a time which may differ depending on the situation and level of stress that they encounter. Some examples of common defense mechanisms include denial, suppression, repression, displacement, rationalization and reaction formation among others. Vaillant grouped defense mechanisms according to the degree to which each defense distorts reality and how effectively it enables the expression of wishes or needs without untoward external consequences in his hierarchy of defense mechanisms (qtd. in Levenson 56). 

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In the proposed hierarchy by Vaillant, there are four levels of adaptivity namely psychotic, immature, neurotic and mature. Psychotic defenses are characterized by their extreme degree of distorting reality wherein patients may need to take in psychotic medications to alter such defenses. Psychotic defenses include psychotic denial, delusional projection and schizoid fantasy. Immature defenses may be irritating and are often observed in patients with personality disorders. The immature defenses include the following: splitting, idealization, devaluation, projection, projective identification, acting-out, passive aggression and intermediate denial. Neurotic defenses are privately experienced or less interpersonal which often involve mental inhibitions. The list of neurotic defenses includes repression, control, displacement, reaction formation, intellectualization, rationalization, isolation of affect, and undoing. Mature defenses when observed in patients are appreciated by health care providers; it enables the individual to express himself/herself without negative consequences. Mature defenses include suppression, altruism, humor, sublimation, and anticipation. Each kind of defense has its own unique qualities that distinguish them from each other. For the psychiatrists or nurses to detect what defense mechanisms the patients are using they need to interact with their patients and observe keenly so that they may employ the appropriate interventions needed.             

Although the use of defense mechanisms is highlighted in psychiatry, it does not mean that only psychiatric patients use them. Even mentally healthy people use defense mechanisms from time to time when anxious or under stress.  But the difference lies in the severity and the context where defense mechanisms are used. Knowing what defense mechanisms certain psychiatric patients employ with the context in mind, helps health care providers in psychiatric institutions or in communities manage their patients appropriately and promote their well being.         

Boyd, Mary Ann. Psychiatric Nursing: Contemporary Practice, 4^th edition. Philadelphia,Pa.:         Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.

Geddes, John, et al. Psychiatry, 4^th edition. Oxford;New York: Oxford University Press, 

         2012.

Levenson, James L. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic      

          medicine: Psychiatric Care of the Medically Ill, 2^nd edition. Washington, D.C:     

          American Psychiatric Pub., 2011.

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Critical Analysis Essay on Killings

Critical Analysis Essay on Killings by Andre Dubus

“Killings” is a short tale written by Andre Dubus in 1979 and was first published in The Sewanee Review.  The story was later adapted by film director Todd Field in the 2001 movie entitled In the Bedroom, a highly acclaimed movie by the Academy Awards.  The story revolved on love, murder, revenge and morality.

The story sets in a small town somewhere in Massachusetts one August morning with the burial of a 21 year old Economic graduate Frank Fowler, Ruth and Matt’s youngest son. Along to grief with the couple were their two other children – Steve, oldest and Cathleen, the second among the brood. 

Richard Strout, a 26 year old former football scholar dropout who has worked as a bartender, shot Frank one Saturday night in September right in front of his two sons.

Strout was known to many as the spoiled and hot-tempered guy.  It was this very same attitude that caused his wife of 6 years, Mary Ann, to file for divorce.

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Mary Ann was the girlfriend Frank had before his death.  The two met in Salisbury beach where the latter worked as a lifeguard. Their romance blossomed while she was in the process of the divorce.  Frank’s mother, Ruth, disagreed to the relationship. She never wanted Mary Ann for her son for a number of reasons: first, she had a history of playing around, second, the divorce was not finalized yet, third, she had kids and lastly, she was older than him.  Matt, on the other hand, being a protective father that he was tried to understand his son and weighs the balance between his wife and son.  He accepted Mary Ann and welcomed her into the family.  Unfortunately, this was not the same case with Strout.  Whether be it for his pride or love for Mary Ann that forced him to commit murder, it was very clear that he never approved of the divorce.

The tragedy has not left the Fowlers since then.  Conflicts arose when Strout was granted a bail for which his presence made coping tougher for both Matt and Ruth.  Strout was seen all over town living a normal life after the crime.  Seeing him not only sharpened the pains of losing their son but it strengthened the eagerness of revenge.

Matt and Ruth’s suffering grew with each passing day.  To end such suffering, Matt premeditated on killing Strout with the help of his friend, Willis Trottier.  Willis, a short silver-haired man, was a restaurant and bar owner who shared Matt’s sentiments.  Being a good friend that he is, he felt for Matt.  Together they consummated a crime.

Dubus was able to present the story in a very vivid manner.  He was able to showcase conflict of emotions in an orderly way.

The crime committed by Matt to overcome his ill feelings maybe justifiable.  There is no greater pain than losing a child to someone with no worth.  It is more unacceptable seeing the antagonist out in the open and free while justice was not fully served yet.  But then again, we cannot correct a mistake by another mistake.  It’s not always right to take the law into your own hands.  Avenging may make things worse in the future.  In this case, once authorities discovered Strout’s murder, they will only point at one suspect, the one with the strongest motive. That will make the struggle for the Fowlers more gruesome. 

Like the saying goes, ‘to err is human, to forgive divine. Sometimes we have to go over the limits of human nature to put things in its proper perspective.  It might take time, but justice will be served.

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Critical Analysis Essay on Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas

Critical Analysis Essay on Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. Thompson

“Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas” was originally from a 250 word photo-caption job which grew to a novel-length feature story by Hunter S. Thompson.  The two-part story was published in Rolling Stone magazine on November 11, 1971.  Thompson approached his work in a ghastly manner, often creating a negative criticism from its readers.  It was written in a mayhem.

The story moved along with Raoul Duke, a journalist, and his attorney Dr. Gonzo as they explore the great American Dream in a discriminating and hypocritical society.  It was based on the author’s own account of his self-discovery in a drug-crazed state along with his Mexican lawyer friend Atty. Oscar Zeta Acosta.

Raoul, like any other journalists, dreamt of getting the most controversial story there is.  When given the opportunity to cover the Mint 400 motorcycle race, he never hesitated and went on the trip.  Unfortunately, Duke and Gonzo engaged themselves in an adventure of a lifetime  They had all sorts of uppers and downers all packed with them during the entire trip to keep them awake.  Somehow, things went berserk.  Both find themselves abandoning work and engaging in disparaging experiences.  

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For men of their stature, it is not surprising that despite the volume of addictive drugs and liquors in their possession, there were never a doubt to any man in uniform that they were clean. 

In Vegas, sins lurk the city.  The only thing to be feared of is getting caught.  It is disgusting, however, that it showcased the ugly truth of the American Dream.  It highlighted that crimes were for those with fame, power and fortune.

Thompson’s novel was adapted in a film of the same title in 1998.  It starred Johnny Depp and  Benicio del Toro. A more recent film, however, was released in 2009.  The movie entitled the Hangover was directed by Todd Phillips. It identically featured grisly incidents that were illustrated in book story though it was given a bit of a twist with its characters.

The author might not be refined in using words to depict his messages but as it captures more and more readers, liberalism have become more acceptable.  It clearly showed that not only those gifted with literary arts have the capacity to attract and influence.  Loose and open words are sometimes enough to get your message across.

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Research Paper on the Economic Impact of Immigration

Research Paper on the Economic Impact of Immigration

The United States has served as a rallying point for people from most developing countries worldwide. In the 2010 census of Department of Homeland Security, there had been 1,042,625 immigrants obtaining legal residency, most were from Asia. This number of immigrants only accounted for those who were legally documented.

According to Hatton and Thompson (1998), as cited by the Economic History Association (2010), there are eight factors which affect immigration. Among the eight, the most prominent would be the gap or difference in real wages existing between the country of origin and the US. The Economic History Association (2010) added that the larger the difference in real wage between US and the country origin means a higher chance of immigration will be since they will earn higher with the movement. 

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It is also noted in Economic History Association (2010) that immigration has benefits to the US Economy in general. Based on past and recent studies, US have attracted many immigrants with inventive or scientific nature. Aside from this, immigration will also decrease the price of certain commodities. It is because immigration will cause market expansion of certain commodities and by doing so, the firm will have a decrease on its average cost. Furthermore, immigration will also help in raising the standard of living in the United States because most of the immigrants go to the United States at a working age. Moreover, it is also pointed that, though immigrants may also add government expenditures in certain services, immigrants increase government income through the additional tax they pay, and illegal immigrants are not an exemption because, as they may not pay income taxes, they pay taxes directly through the goods and services they avail. 

Clearly, immigration has its negative implications but its positive effects are more pronounced especially in the case of the United States as it is branded sometimes as the country of immigrants. The President and the government in general must weigh its effects into their own people and the economy in general. By doing so, it will not only benefit the internal health of the United States or any other country in particular, but it will also induce good relationship towards the country from where these immigrants rooted from.

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Critical Analysis Essay on "We Won’t Solve Nation’s Problems without First Targeting Immigration" by Yeh Ling-Ling

Critical Analysis Essay on "We Won’t Solve Nation’s Problems without First Targeting Immigration" by Yeh Ling-Ling

The article entitled “We Won’t Solve Nation’s Problems without First Targeting Immigration” presents a powerful and emotional but flawed argument on the lax immigration policies of the United States and its social and economic impact on the United States.  It explains that the root of the social evils in the United States is the lax immigration policy and that the solution to the problem of health care, employment, crime and terrorism is to impose a stricter immigration policy.  Yeh stressed that it is not possible to find solution to the country’s crime, employment, terrorism and health care problems without first controlling immigration.  While Yeh is not against immigration per se as it was admitted that they can be assets to the United States, Yeh is against uncontrolled immigration.  Yeh advocates the reduction of the influx of immigrants in the United States as a solution to most of the United States social, economic and political problems. 

First, Yeh argues that the influx of immigrants creates a high demand for job which the labor market could not afford to adequately supply.  From a theoretical standpoint, it may appear to be a strong argument against immigration.  If there is a continuous influx of immigrants and the job market could not supply these demands then unemployment rate increases.  Immigrants and citizens will be competing for substantially similar job.  Employers shall have the prerogative to reduce the wages for these jobs because they know that the job applicants will nonetheless accept these jobs. 

However, the assertion is not supported by research.  Economists say that in most cases immigrants help fuel the American economy because of their willingness to perform jobs that not every citizen is willing to do.  For some people, immigrants actually give more than what they can take insofar as helping the economy is concerned.  If the employers hire and employ illegal immigrants at a cheaper price then employers can cut their overhead cost by a significant amount.  Lesser overhead expenditures mean more savings.  More savings translate to more profits.  More profits mean for incentive for businesses and investors to put up their own businesses in the United States.  Eventually, the benefit goes back to the job market because new investors put up their businesses in the United States.  (Deborah White p.3)  

Second, Yeh appears to present a strong argument that the immigrants are taking over the jobs that should go to the citizens of the United States.  Research shows that immigrants are not displacing citizens from their jobs.  It does not lead to lower wages and lower terms and conditions of employment.  In fact, the adverse economic impact on a relatively small number of unskilled workers is even mitigated by the gains the United States economy receives from the lower prices of goods produced by the immigrants.  Considering that wage is one of the factors that determine the cost of the goods and services, lower wages will result to cheaper goods and services.  This gives the public opportunity to purchase lower-priced goods and services.      

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Third, Yeh argues that the existing jobs should instead be given to low-skilled unemployment citizens and non-violent former prison inmates instead of the immigrants who come to the country.  The choice however of whom should the employers accept as his employee belongs to the employers alone.  It does not belong to the government.  It does not belong to the Yeh Ling-Ling.  It belongs to the employers who should decide for themselves which job applicants they should accept based on business decisions.  It should be borne in mind that these immigrants do not have any power over the individuals whom they work for.  Thus, to say that immigrants are taking jobs that belong to United States citizens is unfair to the immigrants who work hard to earn their living and who went through the same process as the citizens in applying their job. 

Fourth, it may also appear that Yeh’s example that California which receives more immigrants than any other state is on the verge of bankruptcy.  It may be true that California has the highest number of immigrants in the United States but it is unfair to blame these immigrants for the current financial condition of the State of California.  Whether California is on the verge of bankruptcy is debatable.  But to say that the immigrants are responsible for the financial condition of California is totally absurd since these immigrants do not have the direct access to the total budget of California.  They are not spending it directly.  They are also not in-charge of allocating the budget.  Secondly, the statement is not supported by evidence.  On the contrary, in a 64-page study entitled “The Impact of Immigration on the California Economy” which was commissioned by the California Economic Strategy Panel, it was found that California has done better than the national average over the past 15 years according the standards of wages, job creation and unemployment.  The report even stressed that the average wages in California have risen faster than those in the nation as a whole since 1990s. (Tom Abate 1)  In addition, its job growth has even exceeded the country since 1994. (Tom Abate 1)  Moreover, UC Berkeley economic David Card said that while it is true that immigration gives an economy more mouths to feed, immigration makes up for it since they help in expanding the economy. (Tom Abate 1)

Fifth, Yeh also blames the immigrants for the country’s budget deficits saying that low-skilled workers who are presumed to have lower incomes are not likely to pay enough taxes.  Yeh also added that the even if they pay the right taxes it is not even enough to offset the cost of educating their children and pay for social services.  The argument is also not based on studies and empirical research.  On the contrary, in 2007 the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) stated in the context of the overall budget, the net impact of immigration is relatively small. (James R. Horney 1) It is true that the immigration results in the increase of federal expenditure in terms of social welfare programs such as Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security, but the immigrants help in the increase of government revenue in terms of the requirement of the payment of back taxes for immigrants who will gain legal status, increase in aggregate wages, incentives for more accurate reporting of income and imposition of fines and penalties. (James R. Horney 1)  It would appear that the revenues to be derived from immigrants would even reduce the deficit by a significant amount. 

Sixth, Yeh likewise argues that immigrants should be blamed for the 9/11 attacks and for the $100 billion spent on measures to curb international terrorism.  The 9/11 terrorist attack is a shock for everyone even for the immigrants who have resided in the country for years and have considered the United States their home.  While it is true that the persons responsible for the World Trade Center Bombing and the Pentagon bombing are foreigners, the immigrants per se should not be blamed for terrorism.  Instead, the government agencies and officials which have been allocated a substantial amount of public money to protect the nation against domestic and international threat should be blamed for what had happened.  Evidence shows that the terrorists planned the attack for months.  Intelligence officials should have known and found out about the coordinated attacks since these activities do not just happen without planning, funds and support.  The government should have been able to prevent them. Moreover, immigrants should not be blamed even for the government allocation since they were not the ones who made the decision to spend that amount of money to fight terrorism.  They were also not the ones who influenced the lawmakers and the government officials to make that decision.  Thus, to blame the immigrants for the government policies is highly absurd. 

No rational individual would perhaps disagree with Yeh’s statement that immigrants are assets to the country and that massive immigration affects everybody.  The issue is when does immigration become massive? Who determines when immigration becomes so huge that it affects the country? What are the parameters and standard? Yeh believes that immigration is already massive.  But there are economists who are experts in the field refuting the said statement. 

Based on Yeh’s arguments presented on the issue of immigration, it is clear that Yeh’s knowledge about the impact of immigration on the economic and crime is not adequately and sufficiently supported by studies and empirical research.  It would appear that Yeh’s knowledge and background information about the topic of immigration are based on hearsay and generalizations of the information received from advocates against immigration.  At first glance, the arguments may appear to be convincing and persuasive.  Yet if the arguments will be closely analyzed loopholes can be seen and detected which was already done in this analysis. 

Yeh is efficient in appealing to the sympathy of the millions of unemployed and victims of terrorism. Yet, as already emphasized the arguments do not hold any water since empirical research refutes the generalizations which Yeh has presented.  Yeh’s arguments could be improved and made more convincing if it will be supported by research and studies.  Statements from economists and researchers and other experts on the topic could have added persuasive effect on the article.

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