Argumentative Essay Against Corporal Punishment

Argumentative Essay Against Corporal Punishment

            Corporal punishment is generally used by parents in the US specifically from the pre-school years until the child reaches eight to ten years old. Although there has been several discussions and debates focused on the effectiveness of spanking, parent still use such method in disciplining their children. Currently, only two states in the US view corporal punishment as child abuse. The other states maintain that spanking or slapping that result to zero physical harm is legal. According to statistics, 90% of American parents support the use of physical punishment on their children.  The spanking usually occurs when the children are already four years old. The study also shows that corporal punishment is more common among minorities and poor families. Aside from physical punishment, yelling and swearing in front of the children are also considered as harmful (Strauss & Gelles 95).

            One of the negative effects brought by corporal punishment is the strong tendencies of children to develop anti-social behaviour. The notion of corporal punishment is based on aggression and such leads to violent behaviour both exhibited by the parent and eventually the child. Also, the child could channel the aggression to other people for instance bullying their classmates in school. Other counter-productive behaviour such as lying, cheating, and stealing could be traced to a child history who suffered from corporal punishment (Strauss 55). Another aspect that needs to be considered is that the development of anti-social behaviour encompasses all socio-economic groups.

            According to some studies, the intended impact created by corporal punishment (discipline) is reversed in the long run. Spanking and slapping are proven to be ineffective strategy in promoting discipline. In extreme cases, corporal punishment results to anger, resentment, low self-confidence, and worst children just repeat the cycle of violence to themselves and to others (Gershoff: 545).  In reality, children who are inflicted of pain in the form of spanking and slapping have shown the highest tendencies of suffering from behavioural problems. When parents use harsh methods discipline, children could exhibit anxiety, helplessness, and depression. 

            Child abuse is often used as a counter argument to the rampant use of corporal punishment. As it is usually done to children, such method would impede the development of young bodies. Moreover, children are not capable of absorbing pain, which in some instances lead to injuries. Most of the reported injuries have been due to parents losing their control or parents underestimating their strength. There is also no direct evidence showing children fearing their parents when subjected to corporal punishment (Teti & Candelaria 155). The most common response from children includes isolation and rebelling from their parents.  Instead of building a bond with their children corporal punishment could destroy relationships and lasting effects on the psyche of the children.

            Corporal punishment tends to decrease the moral values and pro-social behaviour of children.  At an early age, children perceive the solution to all problems should involve violence and physical pain. Another critical element of corporal punishment is its impact to the mental health of the children being subjected to it. Some parents misconstrue obedience and discipline with fear. There is the possibility that children become more secretive and this affects the dynamics of a parent-child relationship.

            In a nutshell, the disadvantages of corporal punishment outweigh by a huge margin the benefits of spanking. Instead of promoting good behaviour and discipline, corporal punishment produces adverse effects. Parents have embraced tradition by using such methods, but evidence through the years suggests that corporal punishment is one tradition that needs to end.

Reference

E. T. Gershoff. “Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviours and

experiences: A meta-analysis and theoretical review.” Psychological Bulletin., vol. 138. 2002:539-579.

M. A. Strauss & R. J. Gelles. “How violent are American families? Estimates from the national

family violence resurvey and other studies.” Physical Violence in American Families. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. 1990.

M. A. Strauss. “New evidence for benefits of no spanking.” Society, vol. 38. 2001: 52-60.

D. M. Teti & M. A. Candelaria. “Parenting competence. Parenting competence.” In Bornstein M.

H., (ed.) Handbook of Parenting, vol. 4. New Jersey: Erlba. 2002

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Essay on Food Benefits and Toxicology

INSTRUCTIONS:  Research the following categories: Bees wax, carnuba wax, orange seeds, limonoids, hesperidin.  For each, interested chemistry, health benefits in humans, toxicology limits.

Beeswax

            This substance produced by bees is composed mainly of the esters of fatty acids and fatty alcohols, paraffinic hydrocarbons, and free fatty acids (Kuznesof 1). Basically beeswax is usually used in the production of candles; however, it also has various uses for human beings. This substance is utilized by humans through cosmetics. Beeswax is mixed with various oils and manufactured into salves in order to maximize its benefits for the skin which includes providing a soothing and protective coating to the skin (MAAREC 3). Apart from its cosmetic use, beeswax is also added to food supplements, chewing gum and food additives to serve the purpose of glazing, coating and acting as carriers (Kuznesof 1). However, like any chemical substance, this may cause several allergic reactions to some people like skin irritation because of some of its chemical properties (Munro, DiNovi, Knaap, and Kuznesof 9).

Carnauba Wax

            Carnauba wax is a refined wax that is taken from a Brazilian tropical palm tree known as the Copernicia cerifera. This substance is mainly used as a glazing agent, bulking agent, acidity regulator and carrier (“Carnauba Wax” 1). In other words, it serves is purpose as coatings of tablets, chewing gums, sauces, gravies, and in processed juices and fruits (JP Dyechem 1).  Carnauba wax also has some use is the cosmetic industry. This substance has shown toxicity in some experiments done with rats. However, its toxicity in humans is still being studied currently.

Orange Seeds

            Orange seeds are said to contain oil which may be utilized in certain products. These seeds come from a citrus fruit that is usually spherical or oblong in size. Oils contained in the seeds of the orange are known to contain fatty acids which may be useful in industries like pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and others (Okoye, Ibeto and Ihedioha 422-423). These seeds contain antioxidants which are substances that may protect humans from free radicals which may damage the cells. Usually these seeds are used in Chinese medicines for hernias and mastitis (Greenwood 1). Chemicals found in these seeds may be slightly toxic to humans like D-limonine. 

Limonoids

Limonoids are substances found in the seeds, peel and fruit of tangerines and oranges. These are known citrus compounds. Benefits of this chemical include its anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties. Some studies show that limonoids inhibit tumor formation in animals and are more effective against human breast cancer cells compared to tamoxifen. Moreover, further researches on this substance found that it my also have antimalarial properties (Greenwood 1).  However limonoids may cause the lowering f serum cholesterol as well as a bitter taste in teas or juice.

Hesperidin

            Hesperidin is also a chemical that comes from plants. This is also called bioflavanoid and it is found in citrus fruits. This chemical is usually used for blood vessel conditions like hemorrhoids and varicose veins. Another use for hesperidin is for the treatment of lymphedema, a complication usually occurring in breast cancer patients. This chemical is not advisable for consumption for pregnant and lactating women (WebMD 1). 

Works Cited

“Beeswax.” MAAREC Publication 3.9. Mid-Atlantic Apicultural Research and Extension Consortium. January 2005. Web. 23 December 2012 <https://agdev.anr.udel.edu/maarec/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Beeswax.pdf>.

“Carnauba Wax.” Chemical and Technical Assessment 51^st JECFA. n.d. Web. 23 December 2012 < http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/jecfa-additives/specs/Monograph1/Additive-109.pdf >.

Greenwood, Beth. “What are the Health Benefits of Tangerine Seeds?” Livestrong. 24 October 2011. Web. 23 December 2012 < http://www.livestrong.com/article/549191-what-are-the-health-benefits-of-tangerine-seeds/ >.

“Hesperidin.” WebMD. n.d. Web. 23 December 2012 < http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1033-HESPERIDIN.aspx?activeIngredientId=1033&activeIngredientName=HESPERIDIN >

JP Dyechem. “Waxes.” JP Dyechem Pvt. Ltd. n.d. Web. 23 December 2012 <http://www.jpdyechem.com/pdf/Waxes%20(all%20types)_Specification.pdf>.

Kuznesof, Paul M. “Beeswax.” Chemical and Technical Assessment 65^th JECFA. n.d. Web. 23 December 2012 <http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agns/pdf/jecfa/cta/65/beeswax.pdf>.

Munro, I.C., M. DiNovi, A. Knaap, and P.M. Kuznesof. “Beeswax.” Safety Evaluations of Specific Food Additives (Other than Flavouring Agents). n.d. Web. 23 December 2012 <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660562_part1_a_eng.pdf>.

Okoye, C.O.B., C.N. Ibeto and J.N. Ihedioha. Preliminary Studies on the Characterization of Orange Seed and Pawpaw Seed Oils. American Journal of Food Technology 6 (2011): 422-426.

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Essay on Caregiver Assessment

INSTRUCTIONS:  Identify a caregiver from professional or personal experience and
conduct an interview. assesing the bio-psycho-social situation of the caregiver

Essay on Caregiver Assessment

The caregiver identified for this assessment works for a local hospital and primarily provides elderly care. As a caregiver, the interviewee primarily provides grooming assistance, sanitation assurance, meal preparation and serving, emergency services, basic therapy, and communication. There are also other functions that are being done as needed including errands and counselling. The subject caregiver has worked for the hospital for three years and has been providing care services in the last six years. She completed her Associate in Health degree and has been planning to continue studying at a local Community College.

The subject caregiver is physically fit and has only contacted minor illnesses. The caregiver mentioned that the hospital where is works for requires a twice a year medical check-up for all caregivers. The hospital is also strict in the experience of caregivers and it important that they are flexible and provides optimum costumer service. In terms of qualifications, the subject has worked for various hospitals and has handled all type of clients from children to elderly. Most of her clients have been suffering from lingering ailments. Despite the caregiver’s exposure to these patients, she has maintained good health through strict following of precautionary measures and living a healthy lifestyle. The caregiver also stressed the importance of having life outside the confines of the hospital. During her off days, the caregiver participates in fun runs and other similar activities. Also, the caregiver finds time to undergo yoga sessions to further boost her readiness in doing a caregiver’s job.

One of the questions asked to the caregiver was her view of the role she is playing. She replied that her work is more than a simple five-to-eight job. She believes that her responsibility extends beyond the normal care requirements of the patients. According to the caregiver, she comes from a closely-knitted family and have remained in contact with parents and siblings. Her upbringing has helped her understand the needs of her patients. Among caregivers, it is important that they can empathize to the feelings of the patients. Most of them are in the twilight of their lives and are rarely visited by their love ones. The caregiver shared that there was once when she had to take the role of her patient’s daughter. This was done because the patient would only take medicine if he daughter would serve it. Such situation was one of the many instances when the subject caregiver went beyond her responsibilities. The caregiver believes that each patient has different situations and issues that needed to be properly handled. Caregivers provide the emotional care that is usually lacking in medicines provided by doctors.

 The subject caregiver stated that it is difficult to separate her social life from her work. There are times when dealing with patients become so difficult that even seasoned caregivers have a hard time. Sometimes, the subject would become so affected by the state of her patients that she would need seldom breaks from work. But the subject maintained that it is not right to discuss the conditions of her patients to other people. Aside from the usual confidentiality issues, it is the right of the patients for privacy. The subject commented that there were times when the family members of the patients would ask for updates. But she has maintained that no information will be provided without the consent of the hospital. The best the caregiver could provide is to assist in the process of acquiring that information. She also tried her best not to share the nuances of her work even to her family and friends. The goal is to leave all work within the confines of the hospital.

The interview was done through phone and with the aid of a questionnaire from the American Medical Association. Based on the information gathered, physical fitness and emotional readiness are vital for any caregiver. The varying conditions of the patients and the lack of support from the family further challenges caregivers in adequately doing their jobs.

References

American Medical Association. “Caregiver Self-Assessment.” 30 June 2013, <http://www.ama-

assn.org//ama/pub/physician-resources/public-health/promoting-healthy-lifestyles/geriatric-health/caregiver-health/caregiver-self-assessment.page>

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Essay on Impact of the Internet on Children

Instruction: Are children smarter and more sociable because of the Internet

Essay on Impact of Internet on Children: 

Are Children Smarter of More Social Because of the Internet?

            Never in the course of history has information been so available than that of the twenty-first century. The advent of the Internet, has allowed everyone to search and learn almost everything and anything under the sun. Apart from this, the World Wide Web has allowed people to connect regardless of distance, time, and location. More significantly, the prevalence of technology has also affected, not just adults but children as well. Such advancement however both has positive and negative impact on the child’s mental and cognitive development as well as their social skills.

            New media has undoubtedly become a source of valuable information. Popular search engines such as Google or Yahoo have made researching easy and hassle as a wide range of data becomes readily available with a few simple mouse clicks. This therefore allows children to access data related to their academics as well as practical knowledge which they can use in their daily lives. It is in this context that one can argue that technology has made children smarter. And while it is true that the Internet is a rich source of materials it can also be argued that the most of the information in the World Wide Web are unfiltered while some are even unreliable. A reason behind this is that the Internet allows almost everyone to publish everything online. Wikipedia for instance, is edited and written by not by scholars, but rather by online volunteers and contributors. In addition to this, this site lacks precision and details; and at the same time is not peer-reviewed. Although it offers convenience and accessibility, Wikipedia as an academic source is therefore not considered credible and reliable. This only suggests that the accessibility of information does not necessarily equate to being “smarter”. Rather, it simply a benefit for the children rather than a quality acquired through the use of the Internet (Livingstone, 2013, p. 125).

            Sociability is another aspect offered by the Internet. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have allowed children to connect to almost everyone from different parts of the world. In fact, recent surveys show that the number of children-users is growing at a significant rate.  Facebook for instance, allows children as young as 13 years of age to register. Reports however suggest that there are over 8 million children below 13 years old who possessing a Facebook account. Additionally, there are more than five million users who are reportedly under the age of ten. With these figures, it is apparent that the Internet has allowed children to become more “sociable” (Seiter, 2005, p. 34).

 Alternatively, it is important to point out that the Internet offers only “virtual” and remote interaction. Face to face interaction is eliminated as one primarily relies on technology to facilitate communication. As such, instead of direct interaction, both children and adult communicate through exchanges of email, chats, instance messages, or video calls. Despite of the convenience it offers, online interaction would often equate to anonymity and dubiousness as opposed to the intimacy and transparency bought about by face-to-face communication. The shift from personal to virtual interaction therefore suggests that convenience has taken over simple and direct interaction and relationships (Hunter, 2012, p. 1).

The Internet has indeed made man’s life easier. It is however important to remember that convenience does not trump true knowledge and true communication. Children of this era are given the privilege to enjoy the access of information like never before but it is also crucial that they practice critical thinking in order to discern both the positive and negative benefits of the Internet. Accordingly, parents and teachers alike should take part in educating the youth how to properly and efficiently use the Internet.

 

References

Hunter, B. (2012). “The Subtle Benefits of Communication”. Stanford. Retrieved 28 June 2013,

from http://www.stanford.edu/class/symbsys205/facetoface.html

Livingstone, S. (2013) Children and the Internet. NY: Wiley.

Seiter, E. (2005). The Internet Playground: Children’s Access, Entertainment, and Miseducation.

NY: Lang

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